As a part of the Posey and Webster Street Tubes seismic retrofit project, finite element analysis was used to study the soil–structure interaction behavior due to earthquake ground motions. This paper summarizes the nonlinear analysis activities for the Alameda Tubes. The overall objective of these studies was to estimate the responses of the as-built and retrofit configurations of the Posey and Webster Street Tubes to seismic excitations, considering wave passage, scattering and reflection effects.
Alameda Tubes Seismic Retrofit Studies
Alexander Kozak, Hassan Sedarat, Alex Krimotat
Computers & Structures, Volume 72, Issues 1-3, 8 July 1999, Pages 233-251, Available online 24 May 1999, DOI information: 10.1016/S0045-7949(99)00008-5